
Stump Culture: Coppice for Conifers
Stump culture is a type of conifer tree harvesting that is closely related to the practice of coppicing. In coppice systems, trees are cut down to stumps, and the tree regenerates from the roots. Unlike deciduous trees, conifers cannot …

How to Plant an Edible Hedge
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Whether you have one thousand acres or one quarter of an acre, planting an edible hedge offers many benefits to you, to wildlife and livestock, and to the environment.
An edible hedge is a hedgerow designed to …

Alternative Crops From Mast-Producing Trees
For many farmers and landowners, Return On Investment (ROI) is a major concern when converting crop or pasture land to trees. Although government incentive programs can encourage conservation measures such as hedgerows and riparian buffer zones, these measures must …

An Introduction to Analog Forestry
Analog forestry is a system of sustainable forestry that seeks to recreate the structure and function of a diverse natural forest. Much like agroforestry, it seeks to use forest resources for food, shelter, and income in a sustainable way, …

Mast-Producing Trees in Agroforestry Systems
Agroforestry is the combination of trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock to produce more a diverse, productive, and profitable farm.
Long practiced in the tropics, agroforestry is gaining increasing attention in temperate regions due to its many benefits.
Some …

Coppicing With Mast-Producing Trees
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Coppicing is an ancient form of woodlot management that was widely practiced in Europe for thousands of years and is now experiencing a revival of interest around the world.
Coppicing is the practice of cutting young trees …

An Introduction to Woody Agriculture
Woody agriculture is a new agriculture discipline that focuses on intensive production of staple food and fuel crops using woody perennial plants. It is similar to agroforestry and edible forest gardening, but does not mix woody perennial crops with …

Using Mast-Producing Trees in Riparian Buffer Zones
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Riparian buffer zones are areas of vegetation, including trees, shrubs, and grasses, that line the sides of rivers, streams, and other riparian areas and are used to shade and protect the water quality of the aquatic environment. …

Planting a Native Hedgerow
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Hedgerows are a valuable addition to any landscape, from the smallest suburban yard to large industrial-scale farms. Hedgerows – lines of dense plantings of trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs – have long been used in place of …